{"id":256,"date":"2009-05-20T00:47:05","date_gmt":"2009-05-19T16:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alunwk.com\/?p=256"},"modified":"2009-05-20T00:47:05","modified_gmt":"2009-05-19T16:47:05","slug":"hci-part1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wukan.me\/?p=256","title":{"rendered":"Human-Computer Interaction Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0cAlan Dix\u7b49\u4eba\u5199\u7684Human-Computer Interaction<\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5929\u521a\u770b\u4e86Part1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e0b\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002Part I \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u57fa\u7840(Foundations)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ae0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fThe human, The computer, and The Interaction\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5b89\u6392\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4eba\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u53c8\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u5b58\u50a8(memory)\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406(processing)\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e66\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5229\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(Cognitive Psychology)<\/em>\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u542c\u8bf4\u7684\u4e94\u611f\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u5c31\u662f\u542c\u89c9\uff0c\u8bf4\u4eba\u7684\u8033\u6735\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u505a\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7a0d\u5fae\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u89e6\u89c9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u89e6\u89c9\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u7b49\u6211\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6211\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002
\n\u4e4b\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fsensive buffer, short-term memory and long-term memory\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u548c\u89e6\u89c9\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u6307\u5c16\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b9735*6\u65f6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u768430\u6216\u8005180\u4e2d\u95f4\u6570\u5c31\u5f52\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8303\u7574\u91cc\u9762\u6765\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a\u53cd\u590d(rehearsal)\u3002\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u5929\u6d9b\u54e5\u95ee\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002
\n\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6(reasoning)\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898(problem solving)\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u63a8\u7406(deducive reasoning)\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3(inducive reasoning)\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e86\u63a8\u7406\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u7eb3\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u653e\u7740\u56db\u5f20\u724c\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u9762\u90fd\u5199\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u8005\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u5f20\u724c\u7684\u4e00\u9762(\u56e0\u4e3a\u653e\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e86)\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f”4″,”E”,”7″,”K”\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009\u54ea\u5f20\u724c(\u4e00\u5f20\u6216\u591a\u5f20)\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c(test)\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5f20\u724c\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u4e3a\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u80cc\u9762\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u201d \u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7b54\u6848\u5199\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u597d\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u8bf4\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4e86\u89e3”\u4eba”\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5(capabilities)\u548c\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5(limitation)\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u505a\u4e3a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5566\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u60f3\u5fc5\u5927\u5bb6\u542c\u5f97\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d-\u70b9\u51fb\u8bbe\u5907\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u524d\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u952e\u76d8\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u9f20\u6807\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u50cf\u89e6\u6478\u677f\u3001\u94c1\u7b14\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50cfwii\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u624b\u67c4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u91cc\u6765\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u663e\u793a\u5668\u3001\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684memory\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u8bfe\u4e0a\u8bb2\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u513f\u90a3\u4e48\u8be6\u7ec6\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5185\u5b58(RAM)\u548c\u5916\u5b58(disks)\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65ad\u7535\u540e\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u5916\u5b58\u5219\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65ad\u7535\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1(task)\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u8ff0(articulate)\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5fc3\u4e2d\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5173\u4e0a\u653ePPT\u7684\u90a3\u5757\u5e03(\u6c57”’)\u524d\u7684\u706f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\u65c1\u8d34\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5173\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ee5\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u4ee5\u540e\u53c8\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u659f\u914c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\n\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u754c\u9762(interface)\u201d\u3002
\n\u540e\u9762\u53c8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3001\u83dc\u5355\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u63d0\u793a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u3001\u95ee\u5377\u548c\u8868\u683c\u3001WIMP\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d-\u70b9\u51fb\u548c3D\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u63d0\u4e24\u53e5\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u7684WIMP\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u547d\u540d(windows, icons, mice and pull-down menus)\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4f4d-\u70b9\u51fb\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e86\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e2a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e13\u6709\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5165\u95e8\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bb0\u8d77\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u6c34\u3002\u672c\u6765\u6628\u5929\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u5b9e\u5728\u5199\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u62ff\u8d77\u8bb8\u4e45\u4e0d\u770b\u7684Computer Networks<\/em>\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u90fd\u4e0d\u5269\u4e86\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u7b14\u8bb0\u8fd8\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u52a0\u4e0a\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u5b8c\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u89c9\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u6c34\u5e73\u771f\u4e0d\u548b\u6ef4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u7ec3\u4e60\u561b:P\u00a0
\n\u00a0
\nps1:\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u5b66\u4f1a\u9009”4″\u548c”E”\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e94\u8be5\u9009”E”\u548c”7″\u4e24\u5f20\u724c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53bb\u68c0\u9a8c\u5176\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002
\nps2:
\nto\u8fd9\u4e2ablog\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff1a
\n\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u5907\u6848\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u88abGFW\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63a8\u8350\u5229\u7528\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\u8ba2\u9605\u6211\u7684blog\u8fdb\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u3002feed\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\uff0c\u731b\u51fb\u9f20\u6807\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\uff1f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb\u963f\u74e6\u7684\u5bb6\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300aRSS\u5165\u95e8\u53ca\u8ba2\u9605\u6307\u5357\u300b\u00a0<\/a>\u3002\u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u5982\u679c\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u56de\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\u8bf7\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u731b\u51fb\u6211blog\u7f51\u9875\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684feed\u56fe\u6807\u3002
\n\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u9605\u8bfb\u5668\u3001RSS\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u590d\u6742\u4e86\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f7f\u7528\u90ae\u4ef6\u8ba2\u9605\u6211\u7684blog\u54c8\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u53f3\u4e0a\u65b9\u90a3\u4e2a”E-Mail”\u7684\u6a59\u8272\u56fe\u6807\u4e0a\u8f7b\u8f7b\u6309\u4e0b\u4f60\u7684\u9f20\u6807\u5c31\u597d\u4e86:D<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e66\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5229\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66(Cognitive Psychology)\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u542c\u8bf4\u7684\u4e94\u611f\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u5c31\u662f\u542c\u89c9\uff0c\u8bf4\u4eba\u7684\u8033\u6735\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u505a\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7a0d\u5fae\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u89e6\u89c9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u89e6\u89c9\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u7b49\u6211\u5728\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6211\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002 \u4e4b\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fsensive buffer, short-term memory and long-term memory\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8f6c\u77ac\u5373\u901d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u81ea\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u548c\u89e6\u89c9\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u6309\u4e0b\u952e\u76d8\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u6307\u5c16\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b9735*6\u65f6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u768430\u6216\u8005180\u4e2d\u95f4\u6570\u5c31\u5f52\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8303\u7574\u91cc\u9762\u6765\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff1a\u53cd\u590d(rehearsal)\u3002\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u5929\u6d9b\u54e5\u95ee\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6(reasoning)\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898(problem solving)\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u63a8\u7406(deducive reasoning)\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3(inducive reasoning)\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e86\u63a8\u7406\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u7eb3\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u653e\u7740\u56db\u5f20\u724c\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u4e24\u9762\u90fd\u5199\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u8005\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u5f20\u724c\u7684\u4e00\u9762(\u56e0\u4e3a\u653e\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e86)\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f”4″,”E”,”7″,”K”\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009\u54ea\u5f20\u724c(\u4e00\u5f20\u6216\u591a\u5f20)\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c(test)\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5f20\u724c\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u4e3a\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u80cc\u9762\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u201d \u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7b54\u6848\u5199\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u6700\u540e\u597d\u4e86\u3002 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