ISSUE70习作(edited)

TOPIC: ISSUE70 – “In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.”
The speaker asserts that those in power in enterprise should step down after five years. It might be tempting to agree with the idea on the basis that permanent leadership would lead to company’s depression. However, the speaker overlooks certain negative effects brought about when those with experience are relegated.
The rules, making sure that the power should be under supervision, must be created so as to keep the whole enterprise from corruption. Without supervision, it is easy to make individual’s power out of control, always following with lack of justice. Consider Ancient China, where Emperor was managing the country with unshakable authority. In those years, what most ministers valued was not how to assist their Emperor in governing the country rightfully, but was how to build a strong relationship with the Emperor and the same time push others out. On the contrary, those ministers, who were really concerned about the state, were frequently enraging the Emperor for their straightforward words. Finally, the people around Emperor were inept while the capable were pushed out. In history, these countries were easy to corrupted and conquered by others. What was the main reason to this phenomenon? It was because of the absence of someone whose duty was to inspect the power from the Emperor and had capability to impeach the power if necessary.
But, when this system has been established, it is no need to set a rule that leader should be taken by others after period. Because a leader’s experience and influence sometimes is invaluable for the enterprise. We all are familiar with Apple Inc., which may be the most successful company in consumer electronic market for its aesthetic design. When we are talking about Apple, we would never forget to mention its CEO-Steve Jobs. Jobs played an important role in Apple’s growth. The company’s best-well known products, such as Macintosh, IPod and IPhone, which all are brought to us under Jobs’ impulsion. His aggressive management makes him the idol of Apple, for Apple’s price was decreasing when some newspaper reported his healthy problem. It is not sensible to resign such a genius, because Apple will keep vitalized as long as the company is under his leadership.
Additionally, the suggestion that leader should be relegated in after a period would lead to many other negative effects. When a CEO is resigned, it is not easy to look for another people to take place in a short time. And nobody can make sure the newer would do better than the older. What’s more, if the manager is frequently changed in a company, it is difficult to make company generate its unique culture, which is the symbol of a success company. For example, when we are talking about Microsoft, Bill Gates and his aggression would come to our mind.
In sum, a system of supervision is necessary in a company or country, because it is able to forestall the corruption from leadership. Nevertheless, whether a leader should be relegated is due to his capability and justice but not time. After all, the leader with rich experience is essential to enterprise’s vitalization.

ISSUE初练

这两天写了两篇Issue的作业,感觉不是很好,主要是速度提不上去,往往是需要70~80分钟才能完成。
今天上课听老师说,最主要的原因是因为写一句想一句所以会比较慢,正确的应该是在写每一段开头的时候把整段的结构先想好,写内容的时候就会比较自然地从一句过渡到另一句。
但是新的问题又出来了,现在速度慢的另外一个原因是因为写每一句话的时候都得花时间构思句子的结构,和用词是否恰当,而往往是想了半天实在想不出更好的替代只好接受初始方案,既浪费了时间又没有什么显著的正面效应。简单地说就是用英文遣词造句的能力还太弱。关于句子的结构,今明两天把填空里学过的一些句子好好研习一下,然后在改作文的时候看能不能改写一下文章里面的句子。用词的话就只好在改文章的时候查查同义词替换的同时,看能否多记住几个。
自己从小写作能力不强的弱点又浮现了上来。
话说GRE.AW看重的是考生的逻辑思维能力。从小学的数学到中学的理科到大学的计算机,在这方面怎样都不会查到哪里去吧。虽然kizenliang同学说:Issue难的原因是因为我们用英语写不习惯,用中文写的话就是小儿科。
我发现:我用中文有时也很难用文字表达清楚自己的观点,还是小时候写作基本功没打好,唉~~~
还有两个星期加一天的时间就机考了,保持良好的心态是很重要的:D
ps:每周一定要看一部电影,因为适当放松可以保证平常学习的张力,因为明晚要开会,所以只好选在今晚了。

ISSUE170习作

TOPIC: ISSUE170 – “The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.”
WORDS: 586 TIME: 00:73:34 DATE: 2009/2/13 17:51:46
The topic’s opinion is some partial about the definition of a “great” nation, which should be considered about more than welfare of its people.
Firstly, the people’s welfare should be a basic requirement for a country. For example, in Afghan, people are living in danger all the day. They are afraid of walking in the street at night, for they may be attacked by local insurgents. What they care most is how to safely move to tomorrow. It is also the most important part which government is caring about. You can read reports that leaders of the country are trying to sweep out the insurgents although they are usually failed. When a country’s people feel difficult to live here, government would not have extra energy to develop, such as science. At the same time, the country would not be recognized great in any way.
But a country which could make sure of its people’s welfare is still far from great. Sweden, which is ranked first Democracy Index by Economist, could not be better place for living, for its low unemployment and perfect sanitary system. Doors are left open in the night for nobody would break in. Sweden has met the goal, making sure the general welfare of its people. However, you may never hear that Sweden is a great country.
What makes Sweden not great? To answer this question, we would like to get the meaning of great and the definition of great nation. Let’s first get a easier question: what is a great human-being like? There must be some names initially come to your mind, such as Newton, Aristotle… And what is the common character of these great men? It is easy to get that they all make a huge difference all over the world, and rewrote the human history significantly. So we can get a conclusion a great country would make influence for the whole world rather than its people. Now the reason why Sweden is not called great is apparent. Sweden, which is a country filled with happiness of its people, makes little influence on the other parts of the world.
Not only welfare of citizens, the achievements of science and art also indicate whether a country is great. I want to explain my idea with another country: Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece, which lasted from 1100BC to 26BC, has been widely considered as the foundation of Western civilization, making powerful influence on science, philosophy, art etc. In that time, people living in that country didn’t need to care about food and other basic requirement. People are happy to devote to education and science, which leads to numbers of great men, such as Aristotle, Euclid, most of who made such achievements today we still get profit from them. In my opinion, only the country like Ancient Greece is deserved when we are talking about great country.
Actually it is divergent when talking about great country. Because most people couldn’t be objective on this topic, the fault of a country would be omitted. What’s more, facts sometime may be covered so as to make the country’s figure would be brighter in citizens. Like U.S government, called themselves as “world police”, that always invade other countries under the name of justice, it would not be recognized as great anytime by the people in Afghan or Iran.
Although it is some difficult to give a list saying which country is great. A great country would not be only good to its people, but to the whole world.

作文小组第二次issue写作作业

TOPIC: ISSUE94 – “Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.”
WORDS: 577 TIME: 01:40:31 DATE: 2008/12/7 22:45:21
As society’s develop, usually we should be able to manage various knowledge to get a good job. But at the same time, we also need some scientists who study deeply in one field.
I think it is necessary to give students a chance to study knowledge from a variety of fields when they in Banchelor or Master course. We know that in many universities students are obiliged to get credit from the courses which are outside the student’s field, which I think could results from at least three reasons.
Firstly, as technology is more and more complex today, the student who only get knowledge in a narrow aspect is less and less competitive. Most time the employ requirements of company, especially in I.T industry, would be consist of some different parts, which is more than tech skills.
Secondly, most of the students, especially in China, don’t have a idea whether they are really interested in the major they pick at the time they get into university. Because of the heavy pressure of study we have to take when we are in high school, most of us don’t have enough time to consider carefully what is suitable for us mostly. But as we can take a variety of course in university, now we can have a chance to access to what we really want.
Last but not the least, the people who achieve success always manage a variety of knowledge. Our country’s founder, Chairman Mao, was a famous exponent. He was a politics, but also known as strategist and poet. In Europe, Da Vince and Newton were also honored by people for they made great contribute to big development in different fields. I don’t think this is just a coincide. The people who are good at different fields usually could get more various views on one thing than the people who are only addicted into a narrow field. This is because the resources that the former could get inspiration from are more than the latter.
But, it is not sensible to encourage students to take knowledge as more various as possible. No matter whether student is going to do research or not after they graduate, basic skill and knowledge inside their own field is indispensible.
If you’d like to take Ph.D Degree, the depth of knowledge you get into in your field really does matters. I know in HongKong Univ. of Techonology and Science, Ph.D candidates only take four cources in their first year while Master candidates would take nearly ten courses. Because Ph.D’s task is to promote the research in some finite field, which requires that someone have to get deep knowledge in base. As a result, they don’t have much time to take these various cources. It is the same to ungraduate students. Of course we should get a wide range of knowledge during our college time, but we have not to forget what is the most important. Sometimes students go too far away to get back, which may result to they can’t get a satisfied job after they graduate from school.
Now we can get a conclusion that aquiring knowledge of various field should be based on a strong knowledge in our major field. Before you are good at your major field, it is meaningless to take many various courses. But, it is not enough to have a good knowledge in one narrow aspect in the modern society, you also have to explore your interest.

作文小组第一次issue写作作业_修改版

from: kuitree31

改了buaa-alun的文章,改得不好,相互交流吧 呵呵issue 42 “Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.”

As the society’s developing, collaboration
替换词:cooperation coordination has played an important role in academic research, where people from different fields couldwould更好些 inspire each other. Bio-computer science is such an example which makes interaction between biology and computer science. Inspired by structure of DNA, scientists come up with the idea that we can design the architecture of computer in a new way, which was called bio-computer. (第一段就用例子有点头重脚轻,不妨放后边看看)Apart from research, commercial company is also encouraged to hire the people who are good at teamwork. Because today the complexity of work is much more than before, Nowadays, because of large amounts of complicated accomplishments ,which are much more than before,no one could(would) learn everything. But with collaboration we can take advantage of every distinct one, which results to something amazing.(which would results in something around us becoming special and amazing.)

But I don’t think(as far as I am concerned, It seems a little unilaterat to consider ) that learning in groups is the only way we can acquire knowledge. Different people prefer to think in different way. Most of my friends tend to study with a silent environment. Noise from other people could make them interrupted. Famous physician Albert Einstein liked to stay in the roof of his house without leaving for a few days, when he tried to figure out some mysterious theory. Actually the idea from others will always confuse you, which make(makes) you can’t calm down. It’s easy to understand people who work in quiet is more efficient than that(those who) work in noise.


In addition, I have to say the idea(The second reasons to support my standpoint is ) that children of all ages work frequently in groups is not sensible. I think (
替换词:consider , give thought to ,turn over in my mind evaluate )education should give children a chance to improve the ability of thinking alone, which is quite important(which plays a significant partment in children’s future). If they don’t have much chance to solve problem alone when they are very young, it’s easy to make them feel more likely to depend on others when they grow up. That’s the reason why your junior school teacher always tells you not to copy homework from others but finish it by yourself.

What decides whether collaboration is good for learning or not? I think that should be considered in different definitions of “learning”.

Firstly, learning could result toin study basic knowledge you don’t know before. At this time, to study alone may be more efficient than (studying ) in crowd. Because there is nothing you can share with others before you know .
In the other hand, learning also means that inspiration made by people from different academic fields. With collaboration, people could get fresh air from the place where they never step in before. Like Newton says: stand on the shoulder of giants. The ability of how to learn from others also need us cultivate during our academic life.(放到一段里)
At conclusion, what we need is not just collaboration or just solitary. We need both of them when we’re learning. We need solitary space to get our own perspective and collaboration could broad our perspective at the same time.

提纲:
第一段:学习中的合作确实是件好事啊
第二段:但学习有时候也需要个人的空间
第三段:对于学习基础知识的小孩子,他们需要培养自己思考的能力
第四段:合作好不好,关键在我们对”learning”的定义
第五段:合作、独立都要

总体写得还可以,思路很好,但是语言过于简单, 加些长音节次较好,中间段落过多 最好是56段论

改得不好, 希望提些意见, 互相交流

from:neverland521

修改buaa的作业

issue 42 “Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.”
As the society’s developing, collaboration has played an important role in academic research, where people from different fields could inspire each other. Bio-computer science is such an example which makes interaction between biology and computer science. Inspired by structure of DNA, scientists come up with the idea that we can design the architecture of computer in a new way, which waswas可以去掉called bio-computer. Apart from research, commercial company is also encouraged to hire the people who are good at teamwork. Because today the complexity of work is much more(个人认为用far more更好) than before, no one could learn everything(by oneslf). But with collaboration we can take advantage(s) of every distinct one, which results to something amazing.
But I don’t think that learning in groups is the only way we can acquire knowledge. Different people prefer to think in different way. Most of my friends tend to study with a silent environment. Noise from other people could make them interrupted. Famous physician Albert Einstein liked to stay in the roof of his house without leaving for a few days, when he tried to figure out some mysterious theory. Actually the idea from others will always confuse you, which make you can’t calm down. It’s easy to understand people who work in quiet is more efficient than that work in noise.
In addition, I have to say the idea that children of all ages work frequently in groups is not sensible. I think education should give children a chance to improve the ability of thinking alone, which is quite important. If they don’t have much chance to solve problem alone when they are very young, it’s easy to make them feel more likely to depend on others when they grow up. That’s the reason why your junior school teacher always tells you not to copy homework from others but finish it by yourself.
What decides whether collaboration is good for learning or not? I think that should be considered in different definitions of “learning”.
Firstly, learning could result to study basic knowledge you don’t know before. At this time, to study alone may be more efficient than in crowd. Because there is nothing you can share with others before you know it.
In(On )the other hand, learning also means that inspiration made by people from different academic fields. With collaboration, people could get fresh air from the place where they never step in before. Like Newton says: stand on the shoulder of giants. The ability of how to learn from others also need us cultivate during our academic life.
At(In) conclusion, what we need is not just collaboration or just solitary.(否定应该使用neither nor) We need both of them when we’re learning. We need solitary space to get our own perspective and(这里应该用一个转折连词while) collaboration could broad our perspective at the same time.
提纲:
第一段:学习中的合作确实是件好事啊
第二段:但学习有时候也需要个人的空间
第三段:对于学习基础知识的小孩子,他们需要培养自己思考的能力
第四段:合作好不好,关键在我们对”learning”的定义
第五段:合作、独立都要
(呵呵 作者和我的写作思路满像的,不过运用例子的能力令我佩服,总的来说文笔不错,有一些介词和连词还要多多注意~)
ps:第一次竟然被两个人拍了,在这里谢谢大家啊。总的来说还是造句子的能力还需改进,其实第一次写看到大家评语还蛮高兴的,我会继续努力的。

作文小组第一次issue写作作业

issue 42 “Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.”
As the society’s developing, collaboration has played an important role in academic research, where people from different fields could inspire each other. Bio-computer science is such an example which makes interaction between biology and computer science. Inspired by structure of DNA, scientists come up with the idea that we can design the architecture of computer in a new way, which was called bio-computer. Apart from research, commercial company is also encouraged to hire the people who are good at teamwork. Because today the complexity of work is much more than before, no one could learn everything. But with collaboration we can take advantage of every distinct one, which results to something amazing.
But I don’t think that learning in groups is the only way we can acquire knowledge. Different people prefer to think in different way. Most of my friends tend to study with a silent environment. Noise from other people could make them interrupted. Famous physician Albert Einstein liked to stay in the roof of his house without leaving for a few days, when he tried to figure out some mysterious theory. Actually the idea from others will always confuse you, which make you can’t calm down. It’s easy to understand people who work in quiet is more efficient than that work in noise.
In addition, I have to say the idea that children of all ages work frequently in groups is not sensible. I think education should give children a chance to improve the ability of thinking alone, which is quite important. If they don’t have much chance to solve problem alone when they are very young, it’s easy to make them feel more likely to depend on others when they grow up. That’s the reason why your junior school teacher always tells you not to copy homework from others but finish it by yourself.
What decides whether collaboration is good for learning or not? I think that should be considered in different definitions of “learning”.
Firstly, learning could result to study basic knowledge you don’t know before. At this time, to study alone may be more efficient than in crowd. Because there is nothing you can share with others before you know it.
In the other hand, learning also means that inspiration made by people from different academic fields. With collaboration, people could get fresh air from the place where they never step in before. Like Newton says: stand on the shoulder of giants. The ability of how to learn from others also need us cultivate during our academic life.
At conclusion, what we need is not just collaboration or just solitary. We need both of them when we’re learning. We need solitary space to get our own perspective and collaboration could broad our perspective at the same time.
附正文提纲一份:
第一段:学习中的合作确实是件好事啊
第二段:但学习有时候也需要个人的空间
第三段:对于学习基础知识的小孩子,他们需要培养自己思考的能力
第四段:合作好不好,关键在我们对”learning”的定义
第五段:合作、独立都要
ps:issue处女作…

Issue作文提纲_2008-11-21&22

“Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.”
第一段:成功确实在很大程度上是因为运气的成分,可是如果没有仔细的安排和准备,就算有运气,也轮不到你成功。
第二段:不论是历史还是当代,我们可以看到许多的成功,不仅是因为自身的条件,同时也恰逢时代提供条件,比如微软公司。另外从个人的角度,比如史蒂夫.乔布斯。可见,在一个公司或者个人成功的路上,运气或者说周围的环境条件是非常重要的。
第三段:可是,难道这样就可以将成功简单地归因于运气吗?我觉得答案是否定的。其实,对于成功,努力与规划也是必不可少的条件。举几个例子。
第四段:有句话这么说的:机会留给有准备的人。那些最终能拥抱成功的人,无不是因为不断的努力加上一些运气的成分。
“It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance.”
第一段:其实不论是headline-making political events 还是seldom-reported social tranformations 都可能会造成lasting significance.
第二段:有时候一些小道消息往往可能会带来一些影响,举个例子。因为这样,有时候人们可能会忽略那些大事件的新闻报道带来的影响。
第三段:但其实,从另外一个角度看,许多时候大事件的新闻报道也很好地推动了一下改变的发生。举个例子。
第四段:其实综合的角度来看,往往那些小道消息最终都会通过大标题的新闻报道才会造成影响。而同时,这些小道消息又是不可或缺的,因为我们可以听到来自各方面的声音,这样子才有利于社会地发展。
“The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative.”
第一段:没错,当今社会确实合作非常重要,可你不能看轻了竞争的重要性。
第二段:随着社会地发展,合作的重要性已经毋庸置疑。举例子…为什么合作这么重要,因为随着科技的发展,人们已经难以也不可能掌握所有的知识,如何能将不同的人,不同的知识很好地结合起来,是非常重要的。
第三段:可是,难道竞争就不再重要了吗?我举一个例子…没有竞争,能有如此昌盛的市场吗?
第四段:现今的社会已经被称作”竞争社会”,竞争的概念已经深入人心,一个缺乏竞争想法的人是很容易被社会所淘汰的。而同时团队合作也是不可或缺的。
“The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.”
第一段:诚然,政治的其中一个目的确实需要能够让社会变得和谐和稳定。但是在这同时,一个理想仍然始终是我们所追求的。
第二段:从老百姓的角度来看,需要的是稳定的生活环境。而这正是领导者们首先要关注的。举例子…
第三段:中国有句话是这么说的, “逆水行舟,不进则退” (A boat sailing against the current must forge ahead or it will be driven back.)。 什么意思呢?告诉我们如果意味地只顾维持现状,是不够的。有时候我们也需要改革的出现,比如…
第四段:虽然维持社会和谐始终是领导者的任务,但是不能将所有力气都放在上面。许多时候我们也需要改革,虽然过程会伤害到各方利益,但是要相信这是利大于弊的。不过归根结底还是得看领导者的能力,举例子…
第五段:所以不论如何,没有对错之说,评判的标准始终是广大人民或者国家,这是需要时间的。
“Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.”
第一段:我觉得该topic有些偏颇了,诚然科技带来了一些damage,但我相信科技带来了更多的benefit
第二段:环境的污染,原子弹广岛…这些都是科技带给我们的伤害。可以看到,在社会上,许多人自发形成组织来抗议一些科技的发展。
第三段:但其实,从古至今,任何事情的发展总是像一把双刃剑(Double-edged sword),不仅仅是科技,许多其他的…也都是如此。而科技,它带来的益处是远大于其弊的。
第四段:举一些科技带来的好处,随着科技的发展,他能给我们带来更多的选择,更好的帮助我们去保护环境等等..
第五段:其实what technology bring us is decied by who take it.举举例子,所以不论是说科技如何如何,脱离了具体环境,都是没有意义的。
“The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.”
第一段:一个国家的物质进步和安宁肯定是与其他国家有关联的。
第二段:一个国家如果仅仅只顾自己,是不能够很好地发展。举例…另外,如果一个国家为了安宁,而切除与别国的联系,是非常危险的,比如旧中国
第三段:从上面的论述可以看出,一个国家的发展与安宁,是跟周围的国家息息相关的,举例子…分析其原因,因为
第四段:可见,如果一个国家想要进步或者获得安宁,肯定不能闭关锁国,要与外界多交流,发展。
“Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences.”
第一段:遵守传统,还是发扬个性,这要根据不同的场合来进行分析。
第二段:确实,现在社会需要有个性的人。因为当今社会越来越多元化,人们要能够脱颖而出,需要有自己的特点。从发展的角度来看,不同特长的人们,相互补充,也能够做出更好的事情。
第三段:可是,过分地追求个性也不一定是好的
第四段:追求个性是好的,但是不能过度,一些领域仍然需要传统的东西。
“Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.”
第一段:有时候个人的智慧确实在创新的过程中产生巨大的作用,可是有些时候,团队也是不可缺的。
第二段:举个人创新的例子
第三段:其实说团队会阻碍真正的创新,未必见得。因为不同的人可以从不同的角度去看问题,会发现别人想法中的缺陷,这是一个人所无法达到的。
第四段:可是其实在现代 ,innovation is more than idea。而团队的价值则体现在此。从一个想法的提出到实现,也是一个需要团队的过程。
第五段:个人创新确实很重要,但也不能忽视团队的作用,一个人打天下的年代已经过去。
“The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others.”
同”Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.”
“The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.”
第一段:教育确实需要素质教育,但是职业技能也是不可或缺的。
第二段:我觉得教育最重要的目的是能够帮助一个人成为可以给世界带来价值的人。而一个人最基本的素质,诸如道德、价值观等等,都是教育份内的事情。素质教育
第三段:但是,由于当今社会竞争的事实。教育不仅仅需要锻炼一个人的内在,同时需要教导人们一些职业的技能。
第四段:教育不能简单地概括为应该做这个,不应该做那个,要分情况。
ps:前几天因为Sun Tech Day的原因,整个都很混乱,今天把周五、周六两天的提纲写出来了,周日的只能等到明天一起写了。这礼拜似乎没什么事但也什么事都没有做,看来花在GRE上的时间还是多了,需要提高写提纲的效率才好

Issue作文提纲_2008-11-20

“It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice.”
第一段:我觉得这个观点说的很片面,因为并不是所有情况下innovation and new ideas is welcomed;同时在想法落成实践的过程中也并不一定是困难的。
第二段:首先,在许多时候innovation和新想法是很难让大多数人所接受。medieval时,人们都相信地心说,地球是宇宙的中心。当哥白尼(Copernicus)提出地球是绕着太阳转的时候,着实把人们惹怒了。为什么新的想法会annoy人们,因为这冲击了他们的信仰。有人告诉你你从小到大的依赖的是一个错误的观念,从个人来说这是一件不愿看到的事情,他们自然而然会从内心抵触这种新的改变。
第三段:而至于whether the way these new ideas are put into pratice is difficult or not should depends on situation.比如apple 发明的mac机,以一种革新的图形界面颠覆了人们传统的操纵电脑方式。可以说这受到了广大群众的欢迎和喜爱。可见有时候这中改变是agreeable的。而为什么有时候difficult,有时候agreeable呢?这就要看新的方式能否给人带来切身的利益。
第四段:不论怎么样,当我们接触到新的观点时,应该理性对其分析。而对于那些已经投入到pratice的innovation,我们则要等待时间来验证。
“Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it.”
第一段:有时候,成功确实来源于对整个环境的改变。可这并不是必要条件,有时候在原有环境基础上做一些改进也是非常好的。
第二段:我们知道互联网近十年的发展可谓是天翻地覆,许多公司或者个人因为自己开创的模式成为了某一方的霸主。比如blog,完全颠覆了互联网过去从上往下传递信息的垂直方式,他让每一个可以上网的人都有机会发出自己的声音,人们可以水平地将信息传递出去。blog的成功,正是因为他看到了网民想说话的需求,最终带来了互联网的2.0模式。
第三段:可是,并不是任何时候,成功都需要人们去彻底的改变。相信大家都听说过youtube,另一个典型的web 2.0 站点。一开始YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65 billion in Google stock. What Youtube did? 只是提供人们一个机会去上传自己的视频。我觉得他能成功非常重要的一个原因正是他很好地利用了Web 2.0的热潮,而他其实并没有让现有的模式产生很大的改变。
第四段:其实在科学研究中也是一样,举例子…success并不意味着totally change,as it says: standing on the shoulders of giants.
第五段:不论是在学术界,还是业界。成功的标准并不是你对环境的改变有多大,而是看if you can do good to others.
“If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these works no longer answer the needs of the present.”
第一段:我部分同意作者的观点,尤其在一些教育的观念上,随着年代的推移,过去的一些criterion已经不适用于当今社会。可是在一些科学问题上,许多时候人们否定过去的观点是因为自己自己有了新的看法。
第二段:在中国的古代,孔子被称为saint of education。人们从小被他的思想所教育,比如臣必须尽职服从皇上,女子必须服从丈夫。由于古代是封建社会(fedual society),这些思想受到中国皇帝的推崇。而在那个年代,社会的和谐要很大程度上归功于他的教育。可是到了现代,这种儒家思想(Confucianism)在很大程度上已经过时了。因为现今社会是一个充满竞争的社会,如果你不提高自己,你则会被别人所淘汰,而这是那个年代所不能看到的。所以confucianism已经不能满足现今社会的需求。
第三段:但是所有那些被人们disregard的works of the past并不往往都是过时的。在科学界,对同一个问题,人们总会对其提出新的问题与看法。爱因斯坦,提出了相对论,指出牛顿经典力学的不足。因为牛顿的年代,由于多方面的原因(包括实验条件等)并不能把问题考虑得这么全面。可是难道因为有了相对论,我们就能说经典力学不再有价值了吗?
第四段:可见,当一个过去的观点被否定时,原因是来自多方面的。
“As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.”
第一段:实际上是否应该支持art,并不能说的这么绝对。
第二段:诚然,一个人最基本的要求是生存,当一个人连生存都保证不了的时候,其余的事情都是空谈。举个例子…所以政府制订了”Minimum standard of living”这个计划,用来帮助这些人。通过这项计划,许多人从中受益。
第三段:可是由观点的意思可以推出,是希望将所有public resources用来suppport such kind of project。我觉得这个是欠思量的,因为这会给人带来一种错觉,我只需要等待别人的帮助就可以生存了,而不用自身的努力。举例子…可见,无限放大这个project的作用是不理智甚至可能会带来相反的效果,就是社会上lack the basic skills的人会越来越多。比如我是不会给乞丐钱的…
第四段:我们再来谈谈关于建设艺术的必要性。从topic的句子可以看出,art是一个可有可无(dispensable)的东西。要反驳这个观点,我们要先从art的意义谈起,我觉得艺术非常重要的一个作用是可以让人们从另外一个角度来看待我们的世界,许多优秀的艺术品,不仅仅只供观赏,它会让人们进入一种思考的状态,比如…比如在城市建立博物馆,就是一种suppor the arts 的行为。博物馆的好处举例子…此外,既然是public resources,就应该为public提供更好的利益而不是特定的群体。
第五段:综上所述,我们确实应该去帮助这些…的人们,但我们要考虑我们的形式和量度,这样才能真正地帮助到他们。此外,艺术并不是一个可有可无的玩物,对其进行支持是可以给所有人带来利益的。
“Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers.”
第一段:没错,教育确实应该在培养学生成为productive workers 的同时enrich the personal lives of them.不过有时候可能因为国家的需要,教育需要培养出具有某些特定能力的学生。
第二段:在我看来,教育对于某个人来说,是最最重要的一件事情。当一个人还是婴儿时,他就开始接受各种形式的教育。教育很大程度上决定了一个人未来会成为什么样的人。所以,在许多时候,好的教育应该能够充分挖掘人们的天性,让每个人有机会发挥自己的特长。比如….
第三段:可是在很多时候,由于社会的原因,教育是有非常大的导向性的。在中国,每个有机会上学的小孩都要学习语文、数学和政治。学习语文是为了,学习数学是为了,学习政治是为了…可是并没有强制要求每个人要学习音乐或者美术。我觉得这并不是一件谁对谁错的事情,这是由于需求决定的。因为学习理工科学的人,今后更可能为社会地制造财富。从整个国家角度的来说,这样子更利于整个国家的发展。
第四段:而且,每个人的天性(personal instinct)千差万别。并不是任何时候发展天性都是一件好的事情,比如…
第五段:一个好的教育确实应该可以给那些具有某些天赋的孩子一个机会,可是这并不能被滥用。而此同时,许多时候从国家的利益出发,教育也需服从于国家的利益,培养出更多的productive workers。
ps:今天有点那个,状态不太好,中间写得断断续续的,现在写完,一定要坚持啊!

Issue作文提纲_2008-11-19

“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”
第一段:我非常同意topic的观点,如果只依赖于intelligence确实是一件dangerous的事情,不论是在日常生活中,还是在做研究的过程中。
第二段:日常生活里,人们做决定的时候往往会依据直觉,而直觉往往来源于于一个人的intelligence,比如…不过其实很多时候这样难免会有偏颇(bias),甚至会造成不好的后果,延伸前面的例子进行论述,可见,我们不仅需要intelligence,还需要理性的分析和判断。
第三段:在科学研究中更是如此,往往想当然的事情总是错误的,比如…学术界有句话叫 “making Bold hypotheses followed by the meticulous search for evidence”,可以看得出来求证的重要性,比如…相信如果只是因为intelligence的原因,他是不能得出这样的成果的
第四段:综上所述,个人智慧与直觉固然在我们做出判断的时候占了非常的地位,可是这是不够的,我们还需要的是更加详细和谨慎的分析。
“As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.”
第一段:这个观点是片面的,这要分情况来讨论。某些场合下,…确实会变得more complex and mysterious,但其实 more comprehensible也是存在的。
第二段:确实如topic所表达的,当一个科学家所掌握的知识越来越深的时候,同一件事情,相比较其他人,他会看到许多细节。比如…这是因为,当人们对某个问题的研究逐渐深入的时候,他看问题的眼光会越来越多样化,一些简单的问题在他们眼中会变得复杂。
第三段:可是,从另外一个角度来看,难道产生 more complex and more mysterious 的原因不恰恰正是 more comprehensible的结果吗?再利用前面那个例子进行论证,可以看到只有当科学家先对某个问题有很好的了解,才会有机会去思考更内层和复杂的事情。
第四段:其实在科学研究中,对某一个问题的研究正是在迷惑和认识两种状态中徘徊。只有当人们明白一个问题的时候,他们才会去思考这个更深层次的内容,这样又促使人们去寻找新问题的答案,新的结果又产生新的问题。两者相辅相成。
“It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.”
第一段:没错,在科学研究中,很多时候一个理论的证实需要大量的数据作为基础。可是有时候并不需要。
第二段:比如物理学。物理是一个基于实验的学科,几乎所有的物理定理都是在大量的实验数据上进行抽象得到的。比如伽利略发现了力直接影响的是加速度而不是速度,就是因为他著名的在比萨斜塔做的两个不同重量的小球往下抛的实验。在生物科学领域也有类似的例子,人们需要实验具有重复性,比如…。你需要向别人证明你的结论是建立在实验数据的基础上的。因为不论物理还是生物,它们都是研究phenomenon的学科。脱离了具体的数据,所谓的结论都是一文不值。
第三段:而另外一门学科数学,这跟上面两者不太一样。上大学的第一门数学分析课上,老师告诉我们数学是queen of science。为什么是皇后,而不是皇帝,因为皇后是一个辅助的角色。就像数学,它其实是我们做科学研究的一门工具,它是一门高度抽象的学科。许多理论是来源于人们脑海中的抽象思维,加上严格的证明。比如……可见,它并不像物理那样如此依赖于实验的数据。
第四段:综上所述,在科学研究的过程中,不同的学科,在获得理论的过程中对数据的要求是不一样的。有的是基于大量数据,有的来源于人们脑海中的抽象思维。但不论是那种情况,都需要严格的证明和分析过程。
“Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.”
第一段:确实,scandal在某些场合下是有着曝光问题的作用,但是并不能因为这个原因而无限放大scandal的作用,这样反而会适得其反(counterproductive)。
第二段:当今社会,媒体有着举足轻重的地位,因为它可以聚焦人们的视野。通过媒体,人们会发现一些平常不易察觉到的问题,比如…所以会有人觉得媒体就应该这么做,将所有scandals曝光出来。但是是否考虑过这样子会造成一种滥用的趋势呢?
第三段:由统计,报道丑闻的报刊杂志会比平常的销售量要高出许多。这样就会给那些写东西的人带来一种观念,就是丑闻会更吸引读者。他们会不顾任何场合,对许多公众人物进行跟踪和偷拍,这种人被称为paparazzo。但是,这种行为,往往会给这些celebrity带来许多额外而且巨大的压力。举艳照门的例子…更有甚者,因为这种风气的传播,有的记者无中生有,写一些虚假(bogus)的报道,给这些名人带来伤害。
第四段:可见,scandal在一定程度上确实可以帮助人们发现问题,可是这可能只是一个有概率的行为。我们不能去宣传这种思想,因为如果滥用这种力量,是弊大于利。
“Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world.”
第一段:在现今科学发展上,实践和理论都是我们需要共同考虑的。
第二段:实践是非常重要的,因为任何理论和技术,只有通过实践才能创造价值。比如”多年触摸技术”,好几年前它就已经是台湾某个实验室里的产品了,但是谁没有听说这个东西了。只有当iPhone横空出世的时候,人们才发现其重要性与价值。是什么东西让一门技术从实验室走到大家的面前来,是实践。
第三段:实践除了可以让技术创造价值,它同时还可以指导理论的发展。特别是对于一些公司来说(Microsoft),profit永远是他们追求的,许多时候他们会根据市场的反应来调整后方的研发。因为如果投入研究的钱并不能很好地make profit,对于他们来说任何成果都是valueless。
第四段:但是我仍然要说”不能忽视理论的重要性”。马克思(Marx)说过一句话:理论指导实践。人们相信,一切实践都是需要有理论依据的,比如…可见理论在实践行为中的重要性。
第五段:在中国,国家每年拨出数以亿计的款项用于科研工作,因为他们相信理论的研究是会带来利益的,虽然不会很明显。举个例子…可见,很多时候一个理论的提出一开始都不会看到很切实的实践,只有随着岁月的流逝,它的意义才逐渐显现出来。就像霍金所做的工作,more than little value
第六段:实践和理论历来都是密不可分的,理论是实践的前锋,今天不值一文的理论,也许正是明天财富的源泉。
ps:昨天因为第一个题目耽搁了很久,导致昨天没能按时完成作业,希望大家对第一个题目有什么想法的跟我交流

作文小组11月16日作业_官范分析issue


Issue test2

“The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society.”

这几天写了几个提纲,所以看到下面这篇文,最大的感触是作者对相关材料的透彻理解,例子信手拈来,丝毫不感到犹豫,给人一种一拍脑门的快感啊!下面待我分析之。

6

For our grandparents it occurred through films and books. 开头第一句话就把我镇住了,因为他(她?)提到了祖父这一带人的事情。要不就是一个美国人,要不就是对美国文化有过较为深入的了解,才能在开头抛出这么一句话。
For the baby boomers it was a result of television and revolutionary music.
第二句话又当场把我雷倒了,此雷非彼雷(新华社健康操)也,我是被作者再一次镇住了。就是因为baby boomers这个词,google了一下发现是指1946~1964年出生的人,试想没有一定时间的积累,如何能在考场上给出这么精确这么american的词语呢?
No matter how the impact took place, it is clear that since its very advent, the media have played a crucial role in not simply being representative of the values of our society but creating them as well.
第一段落中给出自己的观点

During the roaring twenties Americans found themselves in a struggle between the old ways of their ancestors and the new ways of the future.仍然是像前面所说的,对美国的历史较为了解,roaring这个词用得很棒
The once steadfast beliefs that men and women should not touch while dancing, and that ladies should not drink or smoke were suddenly being challenged.
前面叙述完一个观点,马上给例子
From where was all this rebellion stemming?
用提问的形式给出引出自己的观点,这两个词语的用法学到了
Partly it was due to the returning doughboys from the shores of Europe bringing home revolutionary ideas they had encountered while at war.
为了避免自己的观点偏颇,多方面来叙述原因
Nonetheless, returning soldiers could not be held responsible for the social upheaval that America experienced.
接着把前面的原因压下去,真正地原因在后头。
There had to be another cause, and there was, the media.
如官方评论所言,这句话强调的恰到好处
Although the films of the era were silent they spoke volumes to the society for which they were created.
提出观点马上举例子(film, a kind of media)。这里提到了一个默片时代,虽然我也算是个影迷吧,但在GRE作文考试里直接利用电影来作为论证,我还差了些功力啊
Women in these movies wore their hemlines a few inches shorter than the decade before them and they wore cosmetics to accentuate their new bobbed haircuts.
对美国文化深入了解的又一体现,连女性开放年代的特征都记得这么清楚
The movies, as well as the books of that era, demonstrated a new materialistic attitude that America had never before experienced.
举完例子开始展开分析
Films portrayed every character as having the money to buy a new car, drink, smoke and partake in the leisure’s of life, a philosophy that was soon adopted by the youth of the decade.
接着分析
The use of the media in the twenties was to serve as a catalyst for the revolutionary ideas that were circulating.
前后呼应,强调媒体对twenties的影响
The films and books of that era sped America along its path of change that eventually led to the greatest social unrest that the United States had ever known.
总结句

Unlike the twenties, the sixties and seventies utilized the media in a way that appealed to those searching for truth in a lost and confused world.grandparents那一代人转向baby boomer. Unlike在这里作为过渡连词
Martin Luther King Jr. realized the impact of the media on society during his campaign for civil rights.
大家都知道金博士,但谁能想到把他用到这儿和媒体扯上关系呢?
King urged his followers to withstand any abuse that they might encounter because the media will take their peacefulness into the homes of their society.
将前面的例子展开分析
By doing so, King successfully began to change the traditional view of race. Americans began to sympathize with the protesters because of the undeserved turmoil they faced at the hands of the government.
接着分析例子
As a result, America relinquished the Jim Crow laws and saw many other groups press for their individual rights as well.
一个体现作者功力的地方,Jim Crow Laws,在场有谁能够看到这个词马上把意思说出来的,更不用说在考试中没有一个拼写错误的将其用上。整个例子一起呵成,从提出到逐渐发展到最后的结果,顺理成章
Television cameras rolled as Cesar Chavez organized the migrant workers in California and as Bella Abzug and Gloria Steinham linked arms to protest the lack of women’s rights.
听听这些人名,我刚上网查了一下,不是杜撰的哦。我不知道这些人在美国的地位是跟鲁迅在中国一样还是咋地,小弟我是服了。

While the media helped to shape some attitudes about racism and gender it also helped to uncover the truth behind government lies.还准备接着展开论述媒体的强大
During the Nixon

第一次在太傻发不是谢谢之类的帖子,战战兢兢点下鼠标。

读完整篇文章,觉得很畅快。为什么?因为作者并没有用上许多复杂的长句或者出奇的结构什么的,除了一些名词、人名,句子基本上都是很容易让人读懂的类型。另外一个原因就是给篇文章强大的气场,每个例子的运用都是那么的恰到好处,让人读起来很有气势的感觉。就像一开始说的,最近开始写提纲有时候想举例子脑袋就跟卡壳了似的,所以看到这篇文章敬佩之情格外的多。当然,这都是来源于作者平常深厚的文化积累,像原文中标注的一些词,能这么流畅的用在考场上,小弟我还得加把劲啊~~~